PrometricGPT – Nursing – Pediatrics-5

Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) is a key sign of meningitis in children.

Impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, is treated with topical or oral antibiotics, depending on the severity of the infection.

Pinworm infections are treated with mebendazole or albendazole, which are effective antiparasitic medications.

Asthma is characterized by episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, often triggered by allergens or infections.

Rotavirus is the most common viral cause of diarrhea in children, especially in low-resource settings.

Severe dehydration in children requires intravenous fluid replacement to restore fluid and electrolyte balance.

Kawasaki disease presents with prolonged fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, primarily affecting children under 5 years of age.

Croup presents with a “seal bark” cough due to swelling of the upper airway, often caused by a viral infection.

Intussusception presents with intermittent severe abdominal pain due to telescoping of one part of the intestine into another.

Diarrhea can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia.

Otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children due to fluid buildup in the middle ear.

Rheumatic fever can develop as a complication of untreated streptococcal throat infections, potentially affecting the heart.

Fluoride toothpaste is effective in preventing dental caries (cavities) by strengthening tooth enamel.

Inhaled short-acting bronchodilators, such as albuterol, are used to treat mild asthma attacks in children.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children.

Accidental ingestion of medications is the most common cause of poisoning in children, particularly those under 5 years old.

Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis to quickly counteract the allergic reaction.

Drowning is the leading cause of accidental injury-related deaths in children aged 1-4 years, particularly around pools and bathtubs.

Coronary artery aneurysms are a serious complication of Kawasaki disease if left untreated, potentially leading to heart issues.

Pyloric stenosis causes projectile vomiting due to narrowing of the pylorus, preventing food from passing into the small intestine.

Observation and monitoring are typically recommended for otitis media with effusion, as the condition often resolves without intervention.

Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, are the first-line treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

An immature lower esophageal sphincter is the most common cause of GERD in infants, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.

Pigeon chest (pectus carinatum) can be seen in children with rickets, a condition caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Functional abdominal pain, often associated with stress or diet, is the most common cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children.

The “steeple sign” on a neck X-ray is characteristic of croup, a viral infection that causes swelling of the upper airway.

Chelation therapy is used to remove lead from the body in cases of lead poisoning.

Acute glomerulonephritis in children is most commonly caused by a post-streptococcal infection, leading to inflammation of the kidneys.

A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is the best diagnostic test for vesicoureteral reflux, a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys.

Palpable purpura (small raised purple spots) is the primary symptom of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, a vasculitis that affects small blood vessels.

Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children, especially in younger age groups.

A “boot-shaped” heart on chest X-ray is characteristic of Tetralogy of Fallot, a cyanotic heart defect.

In most cases, the cause of precocious puberty in girls is idiopathic, meaning it occurs without a known cause.

Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children, particularly in cases of diarrhea.

Pyloric stenosis presents with an “olive-shaped” mass in the abdomen due to hypertrophy of the pylorus muscle.

Recurrent lung infections are the most common complication of cystic fibrosis due to the thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory tract.

The vastus lateralis (thigh) is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants due to the size and accessibility of the muscle.

Enterovirus is the most common cause of viral (aseptic) meningitis in children.

The Moro reflex (startle reflex) is present at birth and usually disappears by 4-6 months of age.

Thyroid dysgenesis, the abnormal development of the thyroid gland, is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism.

Asthma exacerbations, often triggered by viral infections, are the leading cause of hospitalization in children with asthma.

Pertussis (whooping cough) is characterized by a “whooping” sound during severe coughing episodes.

Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting, with reassurance and observation being the first-line management.

Sudden onset of wheezing in a child is often caused by foreign body aspiration.

A “rocker-bottom” foot is a characteristic physical feature of Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome).

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is primarily caused by genetic factors, although environmental influences may also contribute.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis, particularly in infants.

Antihistamines are the first-line treatment for allergic rhinitis to alleviate symptoms like sneezing and nasal congestion.

Rheumatic fever is a potential complication of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat), potentially leading to heart valve damage.

Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is often used to reduce inflammation in moderate to severe cases of croup.