PrometricGPT – GP – 3

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis, typically acquired during childbirth from an infected mother.

Hyperaldosteronism causes excess aldosterone production, leading to sodium retention, hypokalemia, and hypertension.

Low-molecular-weight heparin is used to prevent DVT in postoperative patients due to its anticoagulant properties.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage often presents with sudden severe headache (“thunderclap headache”), vomiting, and neck stiffness.

Smoking is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis due to its long-term effect on the respiratory tract.

ACE inhibitors are the preferred treatment for hypertension in patients with CKD due to their protective effects on the kidneys.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cause of otitis externa, also known as swimmer’s ear.

Retinal detachment presents with a sudden loss of vision, often described as a curtain descending over the field of vision.

Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen responsible for UTIs.

Cushing’s syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to excess cortisol, either from endogenous production or exogenous sources.

Oral iron supplements are the treatment of choice for iron deficiency anemia.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in elderly patients, characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline.

Hydrocortisone is the treatment of choice for acute adrenal insufficiency, as it replaces the deficient cortisol.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause fatigue, pallor, and glossitis (inflammation of the tongue).

Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it quickly reverses the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, characterized by excess thyroid hormone production.

Oligomenorrhea (infrequent menstruation) is a hallmark symptom of PCOS, often accompanied by excess androgen production.

Viral gastroenteritis, often caused by rotavirus or norovirus, is the most common cause of chronic diarrhea in children.

Aortic dissection typically presents with severe chest pain radiating to the back, often described as tearing or ripping.

Rheumatic heart disease is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis, especially in developing countries.

Atropine is the drug of choice for treating symptomatic bradycardia as it increases the heart rate by blocking vagal effects.

Smoking is a significant risk factor for osteoporosis as it impairs bone density and increases the risk of fractures.

Sputum culture is used to confirm the diagnosis of TB by identifying the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the patient’s sputum.

Stroke is a common complication of atrial fibrillation due to the risk of blood clots forming in the atria and traveling to the brain.

Infection is the most common cause of death in burn patients due to the loss of the skin’s protective barrier and exposure to pathogens.

The “molar tooth sign” on imaging is characteristic of Joubert syndrome, a rare genetic disorder affecting the cerebellum.

Loop diuretics are used in acute decompensated heart failure to reduce fluid overload and relieve symptoms of pulmonary congestion.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen responsible for cellulitis, a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.

NSAIDs are the first-line treatment for osteoarthritis to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in affected joints.

Hypothyroidism presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain due to decreased thyroid hormone production.

Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing gallstones due to its ability to visualize the gallbladder and bile ducts.

Triple therapy, which includes a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics, is the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Stroke is the most common cause of new-onset seizures in adults, particularly in the elderly population.

Arnold-Chiari malformation is associated with a “lemon on a string” appearance on prenatal ultrasound, caused by cerebellar herniation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, which is used as a tumor marker.

Intranasal corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for allergic rhinitis due to their potent anti-inflammatory effects.

Bone pain, especially in the spine and ribs, is the most common presenting symptom of multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells.

Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, leading to excess production of parathyroid hormone.

SSRIs are the first-line treatment for panic disorder due to their efficacy and safety profile in long-term use.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of acute epididymitis in sexually active men under the age of 35.

Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock due to the loss of myocardial function.

Cotton wool spots are a classic finding in diabetic retinopathy, caused by microinfarctions in the retinal nerve fiber layer.

Crohn’s disease presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss, and can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.

Prolonged immobilization, such as after surgery or during long flights, is a significant risk factor for DVT.

Hyperglycemia is a common side effect of corticosteroid use due to their effect on glucose metabolism.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often presents with fever, joint pain, and a malar (“butterfly”) rash.

Needle decompression is the first-line treatment for a tension pneumothorax, followed by chest tube insertion for ongoing management.

Corticosteroids are the treatment of choice for polymyalgia rheumatica, rapidly relieving pain and stiffness.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common cause of metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of ketones in uncontrolled diabetes.

Turner syndrome is characterized by short stature, webbed neck, and other physical abnormalities, often due to a missing X chromosome.