PrometricGPT – GP – 4

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of endocarditis in intravenous drug users due to frequent introduction of bacteria through the skin.

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism globally, especially in areas with iodine-poor diets.

Primary biliary cirrhosis typically presents with fatigue, pruritus, and jaundice due to autoimmune destruction of the bile ducts.

Statins are the first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia as they effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can cause hypomagnesemia with prolonged use.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bacterial endocarditis, especially in intravenous drug users.

COPD presents with progressive difficulty in breathing, especially during exertion, due to airflow limitation.

Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is the first-line treatment for benign essential tremor.

Salmonella is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, particularly in foodborne outbreaks.

Migraines often present with unilateral headaches, visual disturbances, and other symptoms such as nausea.

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.

NSAIDs are the first-line treatment for acute gout attacks to reduce pain and inflammation.

Pulmonary embolism is a common and potentially life-threatening complication of deep vein thrombosis.

Sputum culture is the gold standard for diagnosing TB by confirming the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A CT scan is the preferred initial imaging modality for suspected stroke, especially to rule out hemorrhagic stroke.

The Tdap vaccine is recommended during pregnancy to protect the newborn from pertussis.

Barrett’s esophagus is a complication of untreated GERD and is associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes central vision loss and is a leading cause of blindness in older adults.

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the Western world, followed by viral hepatitis.

Herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of viral encephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients.

Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is a characteristic feature of Graves’ disease, an autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism.

Biliary obstruction can cause jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools due to reduced bile flow.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, especially in older adults.

Intramuscular vitamin B12 is the treatment of choice for vitamin B12 deficiency, especially in cases of malabsorption.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often presents with a butterfly-shaped rash over the cheeks and nose.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a potentially life-threatening complication of untreated or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

Gallstones are the most common cause of acute pancreatitis, followed by alcohol abuse.

Charcot’s triad is associated with acute cholangitis, often caused by bile duct obstruction and infection.

BPH is the most common cause of difficulty starting urination and a weak urinary stream in older men.

Peptic ulcers are the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, often presenting with melena (black, tarry stools).

Untreated hypertension can lead to heart failure due to increased pressure and strain on the heart.

Appendicitis typically presents with right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Antihistamine eye drops are the first-line treatment for allergic conjunctivitis to reduce itching and inflammation.

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and is associated with cervical and other cancers.

Acute bronchitis is typically caused by viruses and is treated with supportive care, including rest and hydration.

Addison’s disease is characterized by fatigue, muscle weakness, and hyperpigmentation due to adrenal insufficiency.

Bisphosphonates are the preferred treatment for osteoporosis as they inhibit bone resorption and increase bone density.

Drowsiness is a common side effect of antihistamines due to their sedative properties.

Testicular cancer often presents with a painless testicular lump and requires prompt evaluation.

Methyldopa is the first-line treatment for hypertension in pregnancy as it has a good safety profile for both mother and fetus.

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis, a bacterial infection of the kidneys.

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath due to reduced hemoglobin levels.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia due to high blood sugar levels.

Musculoskeletal strain is the most common cause of lower back pain in adults, often related to overuse or injury.

Beta-blockers are the first-line treatment for stable angina as they reduce the heart’s oxygen demand.

Migraines often present with recurrent headaches, nausea, and photophobia (sensitivity to light).

Lack of sunlight exposure is the most common cause of vitamin D deficiency, as the skin produces vitamin D in response to sunlight.

Duodenal ulcers typically cause epigastric pain that improves with eating, unlike gastric ulcers where pain worsens with food intake.

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a productive cough due to mucus hypersecretion in the airways.

Hepatitis A is the most common cause of acute hepatitis, often transmitted through contaminated food and water.