PrometricGPT – GP – 5

Gower’s sign is characteristic of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where patients use their hands to “walk up” their legs to stand.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, especially in older adults.

Oral iron supplements are the treatment of choice for iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women to prevent complications.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, particularly in non-smokers and women.

A positive Phalen’s test, which involves flexing the wrists, is suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Pulmonary embolism often presents with sudden severe chest pain and shortness of breath due to obstruction of the pulmonary arteries.

Acetazolamide is used as the first-line treatment in acute angle-closure glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia, caused by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone.

Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes iron overload, leading to fatigue, joint pain, and skin pigmentation.

Bisphosphonates are the first-line treatment for osteoporosis as they inhibit bone resorption and increase bone density.

Wernicke’s encephalopathy, caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, is common in chronic alcohol abuse.

Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia, characterized by large, immature red blood cells.

Complete heart block can cause bradycardia and syncope due to disrupted electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles.

Penicillin G is the treatment of choice for all stages of syphilis.

Hepatitis B is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, especially in regions where it is endemic.

Hypothyroidism often presents with weight gain, fatigue, and a puffy face due to decreased thyroid hormone production.

Beta-blockers can exacerbate asthma by causing bronchoconstriction and should be avoided in these patients.

Hydroxychloroquine is commonly used as first-line treatment for SLE due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

Pericarditis presents with chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward, a classic sign of inflammation of the pericardium.

A persistent dry cough is a well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors due to increased bradykinin levels.

Elevated cardiac troponin levels are the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial infarction as they indicate heart muscle damage.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common cause of severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge in sexually active women.

Pulmonary embolism often causes pleuritic chest pain due to inflammation of the pleura following a blood clot in the lungs.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of long-term poorly controlled diabetes, leading to nerve damage.

Heart failure can lead to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema), causing difficulty breathing.

Renal artery stenosis is the most common cause of secondary hypertension due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, leading to increased renin production.

Tuberculosis presents with chronic cough, chest pain, and night sweats, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Dehydration is the most common cause of hypernatremia, leading to an elevated concentration of sodium in the blood.

Central retinal artery occlusion is a common cause of sudden painless loss of vision, particularly in patients with atrial fibrillation.

NSAIDs are the first-line treatment for tension-type headaches due to their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects.

Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of peripheral artery disease, where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs.

COPD, typically caused by smoking, presents with a chronic productive cough and progressive shortness of breath.

Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, are commonly used for the prevention of migraines by reducing the frequency and severity of attacks.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis, especially in children.

Venous ultrasound is the gold standard for diagnosing DVT by visualizing the clot in the veins.

UTIs in elderly patients often present with acute confusion and fever due to systemic effects of the infection.

PPIs are the first-line treatment for GERD as they reduce stomach acid production and promote healing of the esophagus.

Untreated obstructive sleep apnea can lead to hypertension due to chronic oxygen deprivation during sleep.

Raynaud’s phenomenon presents with pain and color changes in the fingers, particularly in response to cold weather or stress.

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of acute cystitis (urinary tract infection) in women due to its ability to colonize the urinary tract.

Osteoporosis is a common side effect of long-term steroid use due to their effect on bone metabolism.

Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis) presents with headache, visual disturbances, and tenderness over the temporal artery, requiring prompt treatment to prevent blindness.

Intravenous calcium is used to stabilize the heart in cases of severe hyperkalemia, reducing the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of CKD due to long-term damage to the kidneys from high blood sugar levels.

Gout is associated with the presence of tophi, which are deposits of uric acid crystals that can form in the joints and soft tissues.

Infectious mononucleosis (caused by Epstein-Barr virus) commonly presents with fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.

Heart failure is a common complication of myocardial infarction due to the damage to heart muscle, reducing the heart’s ability to pump effectively.

Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment for bacterial sinusitis due to its effectiveness against common pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Myocardial infarction often presents with burning chest pain that radiates to the jaw, neck, or left arm.

Metronidazole is the first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis due to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis.