PrometricGPT – Nursing – Pediatrics-1

RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, particularly in infants under 1 year of age.

A sunken fontanel is a clinical sign of dehydration in infants.

The normal respiratory rate for newborns is between 30-60 breaths per minute.

Febrile seizures are typically benign and self-limiting; reassurance and observation are the main interventions.

The first dose of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine is typically given at 12 months.

Viral respiratory infections are the most common trigger for asthma exacerbations in children.

A barking cough is characteristic of croup, which is caused by swelling around the vocal cords.

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children.

A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with a continuous “machinery” murmur.

The anterior fontanel typically closes between 12-18 months of age.

Breast development, also known as thelarche, is the first sign of puberty in girls.

Iron-fortified cereal is typically recommended as the first solid food for infants.

By age 2, children typically use two-word sentences such as “more milk.”

Fine motor skills involve small movements like stacking blocks, while gross motor skills involve larger movements like running.

Choking is the leading cause of accidental death in children under 1 year due to their tendency to place objects in their mouths.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children.

Stranger anxiety typically begins around 6-9 months of age.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease to prevent coronary artery complications.

Mild croup is often treated with humidified air or steam to reduce upper airway inflammation.

The “steeple sign” on a neck X-ray is indicative of croup.

Severe diarrhea can lead to hypokalemia due to loss of potassium in the stool.

The normal heart rate for infants aged 1-12 months is between 100-160 beats per minute.

Eustachian tube dysfunction is the primary cause of otitis media due to fluid accumulation in the middle ear.

The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants.

Inadequate dietary intake, especially of iron-rich foods, is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in toddlers.

Airborne isolation is required for children with measles to prevent the spread of the highly contagious virus.

ORS is the recommended first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate dehydration in children.

Absence seizures, common in children, involve brief periods of unconsciousness without convulsions.

Congenital rubella syndrome is associated with a characteristic “blueberry muffin” rash in newborns.

Keeping a baby upright during and after feedings helps reduce reflux symptoms in GERD.

Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, also known as Trisomy 21.

Febrile infants under 3 months require hospitalization for a full evaluation due to the risk of serious bacterial infection.

Phototherapy is used to decrease serum bilirubin levels by converting it into a water-soluble form that can be excreted.

Functional constipation is the most common cause, often related to dietary factors and toileting behaviors.

The hepatitis B vaccine is given to newborns shortly after birth to protect against the hepatitis B virus.

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in children, especially in developing countries.

Air or barium enema is often the treatment of choice for reducing intussusception in children.

Projectile vomiting is a hallmark symptom of pyloric stenosis, caused by the narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.

Respiratory failure due to chronic lung infections and damage is the leading cause of death in children with cystic fibrosis.

The introduction of solid foods is recommended at 6 months to complement breast milk or formula.

Coxsackievirus is the common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease, presenting with sores and rashes.

Full-thickness burns involve all layers of the skin and require specialized care in a burn center.

Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis in children to reverse the severe allergic reaction.

Keeping the infant in an upright position after feeding helps reduce reflux symptoms.

Greenstick fractures are common in children because their bones are softer and more flexible than adults.

Tachycardia is the first compensatory response to hypovolemic shock as the body tries to maintain cardiac output.

Congenital heart defects are the most common cause of heart failure in children.

Nebulized epinephrine is used in severe cases of croup to reduce airway swelling.

SIDS is classified as an unexplained cause of death in infants, though certain risk factors like prone sleeping are associated.

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) is the most common cause of epiglottitis, though the incidence has decreased with vaccination.