PrometricGPT – Nursing – Pediatrics-2

Decreased urine output is one of the most reliable indicators of dehydration in infants.

Pain management and observation are often the first steps, as most cases resolve on their own.

Normal blood glucose levels in a newborn are typically between 40-60 mg/dL.

A positive Barlow and Ortolani test indicates developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants.

IV antibiotics are the first-line treatment for bacterial meningitis to rapidly target the infection.

Pyloric stenosis presents with an olive-shaped mass, which is the hypertrophied pylorus.

The FLACC scale is commonly used to assess pain in non-verbal children based on facial expressions, crying, and other behaviors.

Inhaled short-acting bronchodilators, like albuterol, are the first-line treatment for mild asthma attacks.

Rheumatic fever can develop as a complication of untreated streptococcal throat infections.

ORS is recommended for rehydration in pediatric patients to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children, specifically acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

A “boot-shaped” heart on X-ray is typically seen in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.

The rooting reflex is present at birth and typically disappears by 4-6 months of age.

A gluten-free diet is required for children with celiac disease to prevent damage to the intestinal lining.

Rotavirus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, particularly in those under 5 years of age.

A deficiency in vitamin D is associated with rickets, a condition that causes soft and weak bones in children.

Early feeding with breast milk or formula is recommended to correct mild hypoglycemia in newborns.

The sweat chloride test is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis in children.

Permethrin cream is the first-line treatment for head lice infestations in children.

Pain with tragus manipulation is a key symptom of otitis externa (swimmer’s ear).

Scarlet fever causes a “strawberry tongue,” which is a characteristic feature of the disease.

Children with suspected epiglottitis should be kept in a sitting upright position to maintain airway patency.

Coarctation of the aorta is often seen in children with Turner syndrome, a chromosomal disorder.

Mebendazole is the treatment of choice for pinworm infection (enterobiasis) in children.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children.

Drowning is the leading cause of injury-related deaths in children aged 1-4 years.

ABO incompatibility is a common cause of neonatal jaundice due to the breakdown of red blood cells.

By 4 months, infants can usually roll from their tummy to their back as part of motor development.

Oral rehydration solution is recommended for children with moderate dehydration.

A mild rash is a common side effect of the MMR vaccine, occurring within 1-2 weeks after administration.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children.

Hirschsprung disease is characterized by delayed passage of meconium due to a lack of nerve cells in the intestines.

Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis (production of blood cells) in newborns and children.

Elevated AFP levels in maternal serum can indicate neural tube defects such as spina bifida in the fetus.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended to treat febrile neutropenia to prevent severe infections.

Serologic tests for anti-tTG antibodies are commonly used to diagnose celiac disease in children.

Newborns typically have a hemoglobin range of 14-20 g/dL.

Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells, leading to bowel obstruction.

Early feeding with breast milk or formula is the preferred treatment for mild neonatal hypoglycemia.

Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizures in children, often triggered by fever.

Breastfeeding is known to reduce the risk of otitis media in infants and young children.

Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children globally, particularly in developing countries.

The Babinski reflex typically disappears by 12-24 months of age.

Ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart defect, leading to abnormal blood flow between the ventricles.

Pertussis (whooping cough) causes a characteristic “whooping” sound during coughing episodes.

Prematurity is the primary risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome due to underdeveloped lungs.

Ensuring airway patency and keeping the child safe are the primary interventions during a febrile seizure.

Laryngomalacia, a congenital softening of the larynx, is the most common cause of stridor in infants.

The Hib vaccine protects against Haemophilus influenzae type B, which can cause meningitis, epiglottitis, and other serious infections in children.

Ultrasound is the best method to confirm intussusception, showing a characteristic “target” or “donut” sign.