PrometricGPT – Nursing – Pediatrics-3

Immediate back blows and chest thrusts are recommended for foreign body aspiration in a child to dislodge the object.

Headache is an early sign of increased intracranial pressure in children.

Surgical removal (appendectomy) is the definitive treatment for acute appendicitis in children.

Hyperkalemia is common in diabetic ketoacidosis due to shifts in potassium from cells into the bloodstream.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis, particularly in preterm infants.

The appropriate site for a lumbar puncture in a newborn is between L3 and L4 vertebrae.

The “sunset sign,” where the eyes appear to look downward, is a sign of hydrocephalus in infants.

Cooling the burn with lukewarm water is recommended for mild burns, as ice can cause further tissue damage.

Thyroid dysgenesis, the abnormal development of the thyroid gland, is the leading cause of congenital hypothyroidism.

Poor diet and lack of physical activity are the primary causes of childhood obesity, though genetic and hormonal factors may also contribute.

Vitamin K is given to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disease, as they are born with low levels of this vitamin.

Frequent diaper changes keep the skin dry and help prevent diaper dermatitis.

Hemoglobin electrophoresis is used to diagnose sickle cell anemia by identifying abnormal hemoglobin.

Short stature is a common feature of Turner syndrome, a chromosomal disorder affecting females.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease to reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysms.

The exact cause of SIDS remains unknown, but it is thought to be multifactorial.

The nurse should notify the physician and stop the antibiotics, as the rash may indicate an allergic reaction.

Koplik spots (small white spots) and a maculopapular rash are characteristic of measles.

Urine output is one of the most reliable indicators of hydration status in pediatric patients.

Refractive errors (such as myopia) are the leading cause of vision impairment in children.

Inhaled bronchodilators (such as albuterol) are the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations.

Bowed legs are a common sign of rickets, caused by vitamin D deficiency and improper bone mineralization.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis, contracted during delivery.

The MMR vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine and should be avoided in immunocompromised children.

Chelation therapy is used to remove lead from the body in cases of lead poisoning.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) and photophobia (sensitivity to light) are key signs of meningitis in children.

Placing the baby on their back to sleep is one of the most effective methods to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Poor oral hygiene and high sugar intake are the primary causes of dental caries (cavities) in children.

Permanent joint deformity can occur if congenital hip dysplasia is not treated early.

Oligohydramnios is often associated with renal agenesis (absence of kidneys) in the fetus, leading to reduced amniotic fluid.

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are common in children after falling on an outstretched arm.

Small, frequent feedings and positioning therapy are initial treatments for GERD in infants.

Pyloric stenosis causes severe vomiting in infants, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Insulin is the first-line treatment for type 1 diabetes as the pancreas does not produce insulin.

Gastroenteritis is the most common cause of dehydration in children due to vomiting and diarrhea.

The posterior fontanelle typically closes by 6-8 weeks after birth.

Limping is the primary clinical feature of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, a condition affecting the hip joint in children.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by surfactant deficiency, commonly seen in preterm newborns.

Supportive care, including hydration and pain management, is the primary treatment for hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and childbirth is the best method to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Croup is characterized by a barking cough and stridor due to inflammation of the upper airway.

Genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, are the most common cause of developmental delay in children.

Blood in the stool is a common symptom of milk protein allergy in infants.

Antibiotics, particularly amoxicillin, are the first-line treatment for acute otitis media in children.

Fatigue is a common early sign of acute leukemia in children due to anemia caused by decreased red blood cell production.

“Tet spells” are episodes of cyanosis seen in children with Tetralogy of Fallot, often triggered by crying or feeding.

The Babinski reflex is characterized by the fanning of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked.

Putting infants to sleep on their backs is the primary prevention method for reducing the risk of SIDS.

Diarrhea can lead to the loss of sodium, resulting in hyponatremia.