PrometricGPT – Nursing – Pediatrics-4

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) was a common cause of bacterial meningitis in young children before the introduction of the Hib vaccine.

Prolonged jaundice is a common feature of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns.

Absence seizures, commonly seen in children, involve brief lapses in consciousness without convulsions.

The recommended daily intake of vitamin D for infants is 400 IU to support healthy bone development.

A “boot-shaped” heart on chest X-ray is characteristic of Tetralogy of Fallot.

Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis to rapidly counteract the severe allergic reaction.

Marfan syndrome is associated with tall stature, long extremities, and connective tissue abnormalities.

Respiratory failure due to chronic lung infections is the most common cause of death in children with cystic fibrosis.

Supportive care, including hydration and oxygen therapy, is the main treatment for bronchiolitis in infants caused by viral infections such as RSV.

The Ortolani and Barlow tests are used to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants by assessing hip stability.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, primarily affecting boys.

Oral rehydration solution is recommended for treating mild dehydration in children, especially in cases of diarrhea.

Strabismus is most commonly caused by a muscle imbalance that affects eye alignment.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with a “machine-like” murmur.

The FLACC pain scale (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) is commonly used to assess pain in non-verbal children.

Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) is most commonly due to delayed bladder maturation in children.

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to rheumatic fever, a condition that can damage the heart valves.

The priority during a febrile seizure is to keep the child safe and monitor their condition, as most febrile seizures are self-limiting.

The primary goal of treatment for ADHD is to improve functioning in multiple settings, such as home, school, and social environments.

A sunken fontanel is a key sign of dehydration in infants, along with decreased urine output and dry mucous membranes.

“Café-au-lait” spots are characteristic of neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder that causes tumors to form on nerve tissue.

Mebendazole or albendazole is used to treat pinworm infections in children, which typically present with perianal itching.

A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is the gold standard for diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux, which involves the backward flow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys.

Inhaled corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for moderate persistent asthma to reduce airway inflammation.

Roseola typically presents with a high fever followed by the appearance of a rash once the fever subsides.

Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles) is a common complication of mumps, especially in post-pubertal boys.

The primary goal of treating pneumonia in children is to improve oxygenation and ensure the child is receiving adequate oxygen.

Testicular enlargement is typically the first sign of puberty in boys.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis (strep throat) in children.

The rotavirus vaccine is the most effective prevention for rotavirus infection, which causes severe diarrhea in infants and young children.

A “cherry-red spot” on the retina is a characteristic finding in Tay-Sachs disease, a genetic disorder that affects nerve cells.

Coxsackievirus is the most common viral cause of myocarditis in children, leading to inflammation of the heart muscle.

Scarlet fever presents with a “sandpaper” rash, typically after a streptococcal throat infection.

Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic heart defect that causes decreased oxygenation in the blood.

The influenza vaccine is contraindicated in children with a history of severe egg allergy, as the vaccine may contain egg protein.

The vastus lateralis (thigh muscle) is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in children under 3 years old.

Lyme disease, caused by the Borrelia bacterium, is characterized by a “bull’s eye” rash.

Viral infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections, are the most common cause of febrile seizures in children.

Scurvy, characterized by symptoms such as bleeding gums and bruising, is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C.

Permethrin shampoo is the first-line treatment for head lice infestations in children.

Roseola typically presents with a high fever that subsides, followed by the appearance of a rash.

Pyloric stenosis causes excessive vomiting and failure to thrive in infants due to narrowing of the pyloric valve.

Iron-fortified formula or cereals are recommended to prevent iron deficiency anemia in infants, especially after 6 months of age.

The sweat chloride test is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis in children.

Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of hematuria (blood in urine) in children.

Mild croup is often treated with humidified air or steam to soothe the inflamed airways.

The MMR vaccine protects children against mumps, measles, and rubella.

Viral respiratory infections, such as the common cold, are the most common triggers for asthma exacerbations in children.

Greenstick fractures, where the bone bends and partially breaks, are common in children due to the flexibility of their bones.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children.