PrometricGPT – Nursing – Pediatrics-6

Rotavirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, particularly in young children.

Jitteriness is a common sign of hypoglycemia in newborns, often accompanied by poor feeding and irritability.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness, primarily affecting boys.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common cause of congenital deafness.

Putting infants to bed with a bottle, particularly with milk or juice, can lead to dental caries due to prolonged exposure to sugars.

Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizures in children, often associated with fever.

The hepatitis B vaccine is typically administered shortly after birth to prevent infection with the hepatitis B virus.

Inhaled bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) are the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations.

Cerebral palsy is often characterized by hypertonia (increased muscle tone) and hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflexes).

The rooting reflex causes an infant to turn their head toward a stimulus, such as a finger or nipple, when their cheek is stroked.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart defect, leading to abnormal blood flow between the heart’s ventricles.

Dehydration can lead to hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, due to fluid loss.

Hydrocephalus is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain’s ventricles, leading to increased intracranial pressure.

The MMR vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated in children who are immunocompromised due to the risk of infection.

The recommended daily intake of vitamin D to prevent rickets in children is 400 IU, typically obtained through diet and sunlight exposure.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome, caused by withdrawal from maternal drug use, is often associated with a persistent, high-pitched cry in infants.

Laryngomalacia, a congenital condition causing softening of the larynx, is the most common cause of stridor in infants.

Genetic factors are the primary cause of microcephaly, although viral infections (e.g., Zika) can also contribute.

A gluten-free diet is the main treatment for children with celiac disease to prevent damage to the small intestine.

Fifth disease, caused by parvovirus B19, presents with a characteristic “slapped cheek” rash on the face.

Oral corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, are used to reduce airway inflammation in moderate croup.

Ewing’s sarcoma, a type of bone cancer, is characterized by an “onion-skin” appearance on X-ray.

A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is the gold standard for diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to kidneys.

Supportive care, including hydration and pain management, is the mainstay of treatment for Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).

Alport syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting the kidneys, often presents with painless hematuria in children.

Refractive errors, such as myopia, are the leading cause of vision impairment in children.

Headaches are a common sign of pediatric hypertension, often accompanied by dizziness and visual disturbances.

Placing infants on their back to sleep is the most effective method for reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Nephrotic syndrome, a kidney disorder causing the loss of protein in the urine, is the most common cause of proteinuria in children.

The Ortolani test is used to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants by assessing the stability of the hip joint.